Laboratory techniques refer to the various methods and procedures used in scientific research and experimentation to analyze, measure, and manipulate substances in a controlled environment. These techniques are essential for obtaining accurate and reliable data in fields such as chemistry, biology, physics, and other scientific disciplines. Some common laboratory techniques include chromatography, spectroscopy, microscopy, titration, electrophoresis, and PCR (polymerase chain reaction). These techniques allow scientists to separate and identify different components of a mixture, analyze the chemical composition of a substance, visualize microscopic structures, measure quantities of substances, and amplify DNA sequences, among other applications. Laboratory techniques involve following specific protocols, handling equipment and instruments safely, and interpreting results accurately. They are crucial for advancing scientific knowledge and understanding the natural world.